PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC POSSIBILITIES OF ATTRIBUTIVE PERSONALITY STYLES STUDYING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/psy-visnyk/2024.4.1Keywords:
attributional style, attributional biases, causal attribution, personal attributions, personalized behavioral styleAbstract
Attribution in psychological science generally refers to the attribution of characteristics to social objects that are not represented in the field of perception, as well as the causes and motives of behavior, personal qualities and characteristics based on the analysis of their actions and deeds. The need for attribution as a means of interaction between an individual and the surrounding reality is due to the fact that the information that observation can provide to a person is not enough for adequate interaction with the surrounding reality, including the social environment, and requires «completion». Attribution is the main way to ensure this «completion». Attribution is one of the main objects of social and psychological research. Initially, the phenomenon of attribution was defined as an explanatory phenomenon regarding the causes of human behavior (causal attribution) and interpersonal perception. Later, the concept of attribution included an expanded class of phenomena that denoted the attribution of many psychological characteristics, as well as characteristics of not only psychological but also other social phenomena and objects. Attribution in this sense is defined as the leading mechanism of social perception, which makes it possible to include perceived objects in the semantic system of the individual. The article shows that the breadth of coverage of psychological phenomena included in the concept of attributional style of personality gives grounds for analyzing the psychodiagnostic possibilities available in modern psychological science in relation to the phenomenon under analysis, highlighting the features of the study of attributional styles, the main directions of such a study, and the key areas of scientific and applied interest of researchers. It is summarized that attributional styles in general are a thorough field for psychological research, and allow studying different age, social, professional and other groups, determining the specific attributional style of certain defined groups, summarizing the actual problematic aspects of the mental activity of members of such groups, outlining possible emotional or cognitive disorders, describing certain distinctive neoplasms associated with the specifics of the groups under study. The study of attributional styles makes it possible to visualize general and specific types of a person’s response to certain situations, and, as a result, highlights problem areas in the mental health of the studied groups. The results of the study of attributive styles provide a primary generalized picture of the elements of the mental state of a person and make it possible to develop a specialized system of psychological diagnosis of an individual.
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