DIAGNOSTIC MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED WAR-RELATED LOSS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/psy-visnyk/2025.1.10Keywords:
incomplete mourning, mourning, trauma, losses, depression, anxiety, adaptationAbstract
The article explores the issue of mourning among women who have suffered losses due to war and examines the emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of their condition. Five main categories of study participants were identified: women who have lost their husbands; women starting a new life after loss; mothers facing challenges in raising children without their husbands; women whose husbands are in captivity; and women whose husbands are serving on the front line. The study analyzes the specific psychological difficulties faced by each category, including anxiety, uncertainty, fear of loss, depressive symptoms, social isolation, and emotional exhaustion. The research methodology included an initial psychological assessment using the IES-R, BDI, and PHQ-9 scales, which allowed for an evaluation of the level of traumatization and the identification of participants’ key psychological needs. The results showed that the highest levels of depressive symptoms and incomplete mourning were observed among women whose husbands were either in captivity or serving on the front line. These women often experience intrusive thoughts, feelings of hopelessness, difficulties in accepting the reality of loss, sleep disturbances, and somatic stress reactions. A psychological support approach for these women is proposed through the development of a group psychological correction program that takes into account the unique needs of each category. This program includes stabilization techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy methods, trauma-focused interventions, and psychoeducation. A particular focus is placed on creating a safe environment for discussing experiences and building supportive communities. Additionally, the article justifies the necessity of integrating psychological support into social rehabilitation programs for women who have lost loved ones due to military actions. The study outlines perspectives for further research aimed at adapting effective therapeutic models to the specific experiences of Ukrainian women who have suffered losses due to war.
References
Горностай, П. (2023). Психологія колективних травм. Кропивницький : Імекс-ЛТД, 312 с.
Гридковець, Л., Вебер, Т., Журавльова, Н., та ін. (2018). Основи реабілітаційної психології: подолання наслідків кризи. Том 3. Київ : ОБСЄ, 240 с.
Крушинська, Н. (2021). Сучасні підходи до травматерапії у роботі з постраждалими від війни. Психологія здоров’я, №15, с. 92–96.
Ставицька, Н., Улько, Н. (2020). Психологічні основи роботи з психотравмою. Тези науково-практичної конференції. Київ : Інститут психології імені Г. С. Костюка НАПН України, с. 55–60.
Титаренко, Т. М. (2018). Екзистенція травми: інтеграція досвіду війни у життєвий світ особистості. Київ : Науковий світ, 232 с.
Толкунова, С. (2014). Психологія здоров’я: теорія та практика. Харків : Видавничий дім «Основа», 348 с.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss: Volume 3. Loss, Sadness, and Depression. Basic Books.
Danieli, Y., Maidan, I. (2023). Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma. Psychosomatic Medicine and General Practice, 8(1), с. 45–60. DOI: 10.26766/pmgp.v8i1.409.
Kübler-Ross, E. (1969). On Death and Dying. Macmillan Publishing Co.
Gornostai, P. (2023). Collective Traumas: Dynamics and Recovery Mechanisms. National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, 215 с.
Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. (1999). The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement: Rationale and Description. Death Studies, 23(3), pp. 197–224.
