NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MUSIC THERAPY: INFLUENCE ON ACTIVATION OF BRAIN AREAS

Abstract

This article presents a theoretical review of recent research on the neuropsychological aspects of music therapy and its impact on the activation of brain regions across different age groups and clinical populations. Key neuroimaging techniques (fMRI, PET, DTI-MRI) and neurophysiological methods (EEG, MEG) used to map brain responses to musical stimuli are discussed. The mechanisms by which the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, auditory and motor cortical areas, as well as subcortical structures (thalamus, cerebellum), are engaged in processes of emotional regulation, memory, learning, and motor activity are described. Analysis of studies in pediatric populations demonstrates that instrumental and vocal music therapy exercises enhance cognitive flexibility, emotional resilience, and motor skills in children with neurological impairments. In adult patients with anxiety and depressive disorders, music listening and performance correlate with reduced amygdala reactivity and increased dorsolateral PFC activation, resulting in decreased symptoms of anxiety and depression. In elderly patients with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s), music therapy supports neuroplasticity and facilitates recovery of cognitive functions and motor abilities, notably through activation of the dopaminergic reward system and alternative motor pathways. A dedicated section addresses post-stroke rehabilitation, where music-supported therapy promotes motor recovery by strengthening audio–motor network connectivity and increasing excitability of the primary motor cortex. In summary, music therapy is an effective, multisystem intervention that simultaneously activates sensory, emotional, and executive brain networks and can serve as a valuable complement to conventional treatment and rehabilitation methods.