THE INFLUENCE OF SENSATION AND PERCEPTION AS A MENTAL PROCESS ON THE FORMATION OF THE BASIS FOR EFFECTIVE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY

Abstract

The article is devoted to cognitive mental processes, in particular, sensation and perception as processes of capturing and processing the received sensory information from objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. The author substantiates the concepts of “sensation” and “perception” in the context of the ontogeny of the mental process, proves the extremely high level of importance of launching the functioning of the sensory sphere from the moment of birth, which holistically contributes to the full cognitive development of a person from an early age. The stages of mental development from birth to 15 years of an individual's life are structured: the stage of sensorimotor intelligence, the period of representative intelligence and formal operations. By highlighting the properties of each level, the author describes the influence of simple sensations of early age on the future cognitive development of a person, the manifestation of behavioral reactions in the learning environment and educational activities in general. Consequently, the article highlights the role of sensory development as a prerequisite for launching the educational process, completing tasks, consolidating new knowledge, and following the rules of behavior in an educational institution, which is the basis for the formation of successful educational activities. Even the simplest skills, such as fixing information about the visual features of objects of objective reality (color, shape, location of details in space), help to accumulate an image into a holistic view of a certain subject. Further, this skill contributes to the formation of spatial landmarks, awareness of grammatical structures and semantic constructions, if necessary, to freely change the planned program of actions, switch and adjust the planned motor plan, which ultimately develops motor coordination. The article proposes aspects of understanding educational activity, its features and significance in professional life and social adaptation of an individual, since the educational environment lays down the factors of personal competence, spiritual and intellectual growth, and the acquisition of academic knowledge necessary for further social adaptation, selfrealization in the professional field and in the life of an adult.