PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES ANXIOUSNESS OF STUDENTS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the psychological literature on the concepts of anxiety, anxiousness, their components, levels of manifestation and characteristics. The main theories in the studying phenomena of anxiety and anxiousness are analyzed in the paragraph. The theories of S. Freud, A. Adler, K. Horney and E. Fromm are the most developed in psychology for the studying of anxiety. In particular, in the classic’s of psychology works, anxiety is seen as a manifestation of adversity, which can be caused by adverse conditions or child trauma. Modern approaches to understanding anxiety are characterized by terminological differences. The anxiety is considered on the basis of behavioral characteristics, from the standpoint of protective mechanisms, as a result of the influence of past experience, as a physiological reaction. It has been found that anxiety is defined as a complex process involving cognitive, affective and conative reactions in a situation that is objectively assessed by the individual as potentially dangerous. In the article are considered classifications of types and forms of anxiety. Considering anxiety as situational and personal, it is established that in the first case the term is used to describe an unpleasant emotional state associated with stress, anticipation of adverse events, in the second case – as experiencing personal threat, increased sensitivity to failures and mistakes. In the article are determined and analyzed the psychological features of adolescence: social situation of development, major innovations (self-reflection, self-awareness, the emergence of life plans, willingness to self-determination, conscious installation of one’s own life, development of theoretical thinking, philosophical reflection, desire for abstraction, broad generalizations, formation of individual style of mental activity). In the article are considered and analyzed some causes of anxiety and anxiousness in student youth.