THE FAMILY AT THE STAGE OF PLANNING, PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH

Abstract

The article examines the topic of family planning, which is explained primarily by significant changes in the birth rate throughout the world: in some countries, the birth rate is increasing, in others it is decreasing. In Ukraine, the study of family planning is associated with an unfavorable demographic situation. Many families in our country postpone the birth of children (demographers call it "delayed fertility") because they fear for their future. But many hope for further improvement of socio-economic living conditions and stabilization of society. An analysis of family planning norms in socio-culture in general, which in recent times has led to low birth rates, has been carried out. This trend is accompanied by the spread of means of controlling human reproductive behavior, the growth of their diversity and effectiveness. The activation of the use of contraceptives is associated with the transformation of morality. Family planning is always a moral choice. All that has been said determines the relevance of the study of the influence of social systems of premarital behavior and the choice of a marriage partner, low fertility, childlessness, delayed fertility, infertility, uncontrollable sexual behavior, abortions and the use of contraceptives on the health of the nation, its social, psychological and moral state. It is substantiated that addressing the topic of family planning from a socio-ethical standpoint will allow us both to understand past mistakes and to determine the optimal directions of society’s development. It is shown that the problem of family planning is traditionally characterized by diversity and contradiction of theoretical approaches to understanding. First of all, the birth rate and the type of population reproduction related to family planning were revealed by scientists from the standpoint of the theory of demographic transition, the theory of economic determination of birth rate. Analysis was also carried out on the basis of the concept of obstacles and the concept of changing needs of children.