PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTOURS OF THE STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON OF HARDINESS

Abstract

The article examines the problem of the vitality of the individual in the modern complex conditions of life. Vitality is considered as an adaptive resource of the individual. Scientists distinguish three groups of factors that form resilience: individual, family, and support factors. Foreign researchers distinguish three models of development of vitality: compensatory, protective and challenge model. The sustainability framework consists of the following components: inclusion, control and risk acceptance. Involvement is manifested in a person’s focus on the events of the present life, and not on the past or future. Control is a characteristic of life resilience, which is manifested in a person’s ability to control life situations and influence them. Acceptance of risk is a person’s readiness for risk, adequate response to changes, reforms and transformation in life events. Five components are distinguished in the phenomenological field of vitality: high adaptability, self-confidence, independence, striving for achievements, limited contacts. It has been proven that stress factors are refracted through knots of life-sustaining beliefs of an individual. There are five mechanisms for overcoming stress with the help of life-sustaining beliefs: physiological, cognitive, motivational, social-psychological and behavioral. We interpret resilience as a personal formation, which is an innate characteristic that can develop throughout a person’s life under the influence of external and internal factors, which can be both favorable and unfavorable. It is possible to propose a set of measures for the development of the vitality of the individual: the inclusion of teenagers and young men in groups of various directions, where they would discover a strategy for overcoming difficulties of an educational nature and learn to survive in a competitive environment, psychological work with the value-meaning sphere of the personality and the development of reflective thinking in stressful situations, development communicative abilities and skills, formation of patterns and attitudes of self-regulation of the emotional and volitional sphere, learning decision-making algorithms and expressing one’s own judgments, playing conflict situations in order to find optimal ways to solve them.